Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction The Thesis Statement Methodology Discussion Data Analysis Conclusion References Introduction The recent decades have seen the world’s populace embrace different parts of changes as far as the food individuals eat, the amusement exercises they participate in, the methods of correspondence they use, their inclinations and other way of life changes. The fundamental draftsmen and followers of these transformative undertakings are the adolescents and the youthful adults.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The manners by which individuals lead their organizations have likewise changed. The new Japanese business pattern is a decent contextual analysis that can confirm these changes. In any case, during this hurry to grasp new methods of ways of life, there is by all accounts an entire age that has been abandoned, which is the older. This gathering of individuals assumed an extremely urgent job before, by offering astute direction to different individuals from the general public. They were vigorously counseled when settling on significant choices, particularly those that altogether influence the general public. Be that as it may, this isn't the situation today as the current youthful age have disregarded the old as well as considered their direction insignificant (Borovoy, 2008, p 568). The Thesis Statement The point of this examination proposition is to contemplate the connection between the present more youthful age and the old in the Japan’s family arrangement and build up their relationship. Procedure Each part will be given with a poll that the person will provide for the most seasoned individual from the family to fill. On the off chance that where the most seasoned individual from the family can't comprehend the substance of the poll, at that point another educated individual from the family will peruse it uproariously and decipher it to the person in question. Conversation in a joint effort with twenty nine different understudies from my group, we will embrace to lead an examination that is planned for determining the jobs played by the old in Japanese family units. The investigation will require every individual from the group to perform talk with tests to the oldest individuals from their families dependent on several foreordained subjects. This examination will for the most part be worried about the view of the more youthful age towards the older age. So as to viably set up this, we will try to discover the jobs the old can play in their families in order to impact the impression of the more youthful ages towards them.Advertising Looking for proposition on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is regular information that the worldwide economy has as of late confronted some tough situations, t ypically described by downturns and melancholies. Generally, there have been a ton of stresses across numerous ages, on the best financial practices that can be applied to sidestep these situations. It is likewise essential to take note of that the older in many family units are individuals who are either set out toward retirement or who have as of late resigned. They are in this way in extraordinary situations to offer sound guidance to their families on issues, for example, the worldwide financial downturn. Then again, there are new and splendid market pioneers who are youthful as well as equipped for understanding the worldwide market patterns. We will try to discover the perspectives on these two gatherings of individuals on this issue. In such manner, we will be determined to set up if the old individuals could offer savvy and forward-thinking counsel that can precisely help address the overarching circumstances. As indicated by the accessible segment insights, the number of in habitants on the planet has expanded enormously in the course of recent decades. This has prompted the presentation and selection of new ideas of family arranging. The overall family slants demonstrate that the now old populace had moderately enormous quantities of youngsters, and some of them were even in polygamous relationships. In any case, with the predominant monetary limitations, the couple of occupations that are rare and the immense obligations that are associated with raising kids, these examples have fundamentally changed after some time. In this regard, this investigation will concentrate on discovering the view of these two ages toward family arranging. Information Analysis The information that will be obtained from this exploration study will be sifted through and classified as either quantitative or subjective. Examining the quantitative information will include the translation of the crude and substantial parts of the data that has been acquired from the examination (Grbich, 2007, p. 120). This information will incorporate the quantity of the older individuals who can definitively offer sound direction to their families on worldwide financial conditions and the quantity of the as of now taught youngsters who can mind to tune in to their seniors as they talk about this issue.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The quantity of old individuals who bolster family arranging, a feasible choice for tending to the impractical populace development, will likewise be listed against that of the more youthful age. The investigation of the subjective information then again will include understanding of the impalpable segments of the data got from the examination. End The perspectives held by the matured and the youthful ages on certain subjects, can be enormously impacted by age, introduction and level of training (Postigoa, 2010, p. 341). As much as this idea is valid, some older people can be hesitant to grasp thoughts that originate from the more youthful age because of a paranoid fear of abandoning their jobs. More youthful individuals, particularly the informed ones, consistently expect that the guidance offered by the old, has been surpassed by occasions and is in this way not critical in explaining a large portion of the present day’s issues. References Borovoy, A. (2008). Japan’s concealed young people: mainstreaming the genuinely upset in Japan. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 32(4), 552-576. Grbich, C. (2007). Subjective information investigation: A presentation. London: SAGE Publications. Postigoa, J. M. (2010). The co-habitation of old individuals with their kids and grandkids. Instructive Gerontology, 36(4), 330-349. This proposition on Perceptions of the Elderly toward the New Generation was composed and presented by client Bast10n to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Great Creations Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Incredible Creations Organization - Essay Example As a little NGO, GCO have an ability to move very rapidly as conditions changes. Choices don't have to experience confirming procedures and enormous organizations however could be made right at such an official gathering. GCO could consequently stay up to date with changing needs and adjust the projects varying which just assemble for additional conferences (Aras and Crowther, 2010).B)Â An included and dynamic membershipThere is an inclination of littler NGOs like GCO dreading to be gulped in light of the fact that administration funders think that its simpler to manage less specialist organizations. In any case, GCO is entrenched and along these lines an included enrollment including the intrigued investors ought to be utilized. These will incorporate volunteers and network advancement approaches.C)Â Collaborate strategicallyThere are other littler NGOs managing indistinguishable arrangements from GCO and subsequently teaming up with them in getting the hang of, opening of web bas ed life systems to get to the influenced territories and build up a joined forces IT technique (Winsemius and Guntram, 2002).D)Â SpecializationUnlike bigger associations, GCO can't offer multifaceted types of assistance adequately and thusly should just practice on what it progresses admirably and immaculate it.E)Â Maintaining great associations with subsidizing bodiesThe applicable government divisions and the different funders have ceaselessly given grumblings to GCO about either. It is important that these key contacts are kept up which would incorporate politeness calls (Fitzduff and Church, 2004).F)Â Educational Institutions

Blog Archive MBA Career Advice Deepen Your Relationships Through Multiplication

Blog Archive MBA Career Advice Deepen Your Relationships Through Multiplication In this weekly series, our friends at MBA Career Coaches will be dispensing invaluable advice to help you actively manage your career. Topics include building your network, learning from mistakes and setbacks, perfecting your written communication, and mastering even the toughest interviews. For more information or to sign up for a free career consultation, visit  www.mbacareercoaches.com. If you think about it, you probably share the complaint a lot of people have about later-in-life friendships: they just are not as deep and meaningful as the ones you formed during and before college. We tend to think this is because when we are younger, we are more open to others and more vulnerable. We are still trying to figure out who we are, and the people who play a role in that process become eternally important to us. That may all be true, but there is another reason why friendships formed earlier in life have greater longevity. It is because they developed within a network. In our youth, we are still traveling in packs, forced by school and social activities into a group environment on a daily basis. We are inherently always spending time with multiple people and developing friendships with many people at once. Friday you go to the movies with Ernesto, Ryan, and Amanda. Tuesday night, you study at the coffee shop with Ernesto, Ryan, and Carter. Then lunch with Carter and Kevin on Wednesday, followed by dinner with Kevin, Ryan, Amanda, and Jeni. Then those people are all hanging out with each other without you, too. In this environment, our awareness and appreciation for others evolves rapidly because we see them in a variety of contexts, with different personalities, and then can reflect andâ€"if we are honest about itâ€"gossip about them when they are not there. We get to know them much better as a result of the variety of interactions. This is part of what turns them into lifelong friends. What most of us lose in our professional lives is this natural group context in which to build relationships. But that is okay; you can make this happen for yourself anyway. You do it by connecting the people in your network to each other. If you are playing mini golf this weekend with two work friends, invite a college friend and someone you met at a networking event to join. If you are checking out some live music Tuesday night, invite your friend’s girlfriend, her friends, and a work colleague. Having coffee with an old friend who works near your office? Invite a work colleague to join. We should not have to tell you to be sure to behave professionally in these situations. Share ThisTweet MBA Career Advice

An Incident of Fraud in Xerox Corporation - 523 Words

Definition or description of the Dilemma Xerox Corporation is a worldwide document management corporation which produces and sells a variety of color and black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing presses, and related consulting services and supplies. Xerox used ‘creative accounting’ methods to misrepresent its assets and liabilities, misleading investor’s and inflating its stock. The scandal was staggering in its scope and scale: chairman and CEO Allaire and others enriched themselves to the tune of millions at stockholders’ expense (Mills, 2003). The Xerox scandal reveals the necessity for accountability and ethics in corporate governance and finance: Xerox’s main problem was its incompetent, short-sighted and unethical senior executives. By 1982, Xerox was fronting significantly reduced market shares as businesses such as Canon began out competing it in the same sectors as Xerox. However by 1997, Xerox’s corporation appeared to be improving. Beneath the management of chairman and CEO Paul Allaire since 1990, Xerox’s stock started to rise. On the other hand, the transformation was deceptive: Xerox was using creative accounting techniques to misinform the stakeholders about its real wealth. Allaire and others in Xerox’s top management were unloading their fraudulently-inflated stocks and pocketing millions, all while â€Å"’closing the gap’† between target and actual performance (Lowenstein, 2004). Positive and NegativeShow MoreRelatedCitigroup : A Leading Multinational Investment Banking And Financial Services Corporation1653 Words   |  7 PagesCitigroup is a leading multinational investment banking and financial services corporation that currently operates in four regions: Asia; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); Latin America and North America (Citigroup, 2015). 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Essay on Endosymbiosis - 1045 Words

Endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis is the theory that eukaryotic cells were formed when a prokaryotic cell ingested some aerobic bacteria. The first step of the evolution of a eukaryotic cell is the infolding of the cellular membrane. This process takes place when the plasma membrane folds inwards and develops an envelope around a smaller prokaryotic cell. Once the smaller cell is engulfed, it becomes dependent upon its host cell. It relies on the host cell for organic molecules and inorganic compounds. However, the host cell also benefits because it has an increased output of ATP for cellular activities and becomes more productive. This ATP comes from the mitochondrion (the aerobe) that is engulfed. All eukaryotic cells contain the†¦show more content†¦The protein-synthesizing machinery in mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotes. This is shown through their ribosomal RNA and the structure of the ribosomes. The ribosomes are similar in size and structure to bacterial ribosomes. fMat is always the first amino acid that is in the mitochondria and chloroplasts transcripts. The antibiotics that act by blocking protein synthesis in bacteria also block protein synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. These antibiotics do not interfere with protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotes. The inhibitors that effect the protein synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes do not change the protein synthesis of the bacteria, mitochondria, or chloroplasts. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes that surround them. The inner membrane is probably from the engulfed bacterium and this is supported by that the enzymes and proteins are most like their counterparts in prokaryotes. The outer membrane is formed from the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell. 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In recent studies relating to the evolution of the chloroplasts, it has been found that Chlamydiae may be a third party in primary endosymbiosis, second instance of primary endosymbiosis represented by the chromatophores found in amoebae of the genus Paulinella, and a new explanation for the longevity of captured chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) in sacoglossan sea slugs. (PubMed, chloroplast evolution, structureRead MoreBiology: The Endosymbiotic Theory Essay example580 Words   |  3 PagesUniversity who in 1967 began to tell an older view. She suggested that certain prokaryotes had been overtaken by larger more active species. Instead of being digested inside the host cell some victims continued to thrive and grow. The theory of Endosymbiosis describes the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria and their double membran es. This concept explains the idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria are the results of years of evolution started by endocytosis of bacteria and blue green algae. 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Walmarts Organizational Culture Essay - 934 Words

Wal-mart For most companies, identifying what a learning organization should be and actually becoming one is tricky at best, impossible at worst. One way that managers and companies can promote the concept of being a learning organization is to assess whether the company is in need of a short-term fix or whether it is more focused on long-term results. Organizational learning is a long-term activity that will build competitive advantage over time and requires sustained management attention, commitment, and effort. Learning organizations maximize their competitive positions during strong economic times and they prudently train their employees and prepare for change even in turbulent times. As a result, learning organizations and learning†¦show more content†¦Internal integration deals with employees feeling a since of collective identity within the company. Sam went to great lengths to make sure that his associates were happy and that any ideas and concerns associates had cou ld be taken to management and Wal-Mart still follows this philosophy today. These are the values I and Wal-Mart share (Berg, 2001). Not only is a strong corporate culture good for business by increasing customer satisfaction, it also can help to decrease turnover and save on human resources expenditures. Internal integration should start the minute a new employee enters a company. Training of new employees should include some way of helping them to understand the companys culture. The new hire training program currently in use at Wal-Mart stores includes videos and other information about the founding of the company as well as other general and specific information about the companys culture as well as expectations related to this culture. This is important because a companys culture is not always easily apparent to newcomers and this is what keeps Wal-marts culture strong (Berg, 2001). The first primary characteristic, which Wal-mart embodies, is innovation and risk taking. Wal-M art has many policies in place to ensure that employee ideas and concerns can be openly expressed to management. Sam felt it was important that associates feel like they can go to management at any time toShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Culture And Climate1020 Words   |  5 Pagesown words, define organizational â€Å"culture† versus â€Å"climate†. To me, organizational culture is a company’s framework preserved by the employees that outlines what they deem important, what they stand for, and an image that they want to project. Oftentimes, a company’s culture is verbalized by their rules, regulations, mission statement and their company values. The culture is decided by the company and influences how an employee behaves in the organization. Conversely, organizational climate is deemedRead MoreQualities And Qualities Associated With Effective Leadership And Its Significance1619 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities, and skills and focuses the follower(s) to the organization’s mission and objectives causing the follower(s) to willingly and enthusiastically expend spiritual, emotional, and physical energy in a concerted coordinated effort to achieve the organizational mission and objectives.† Leadership does not automatically occur when you reach a certain pay grade. Obtaining a higher pay grade does not neces sarily mean you are great leader. â€Å"Leadership has nothing to do with titles. Similar to the pointRead MoreOrganizational Analysis. Walmart. Walmart Is A Multinational836 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Analysis Walmart Walmart is a multinational retail corporation that operates as a chain of hypermarkets, discounted department stores, and grocery stores. Founded by Sam Walton in 1962, the company is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas. â€Å"Within 14 years of opening its first supercenter (stores selling both general merchandise and a full line of groceries) in 1988, Walmart became the largest grocery retailer in the United States and the first truly national grocery chain† (MatsaRead MoreWalmart The Master Strategizes : Walmart1744 Words   |  7 Pagesof more than 2.2million associates worldwide (Walmart, 2016), Walmart has squashed its competitors and created a category all its own. These successes can be contributed to Walmart’s’ exemplary external and internal business environment and their ability to construct a masterful business and corporate level strategy. Walmart’s external environment includes the areas of General, Industry and Competitor environment (Loganathan, 2013). 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Of the vast number of retailers, Walmart is at the top of the game; they are internationally known and have been a top retailer for many years. This paper will explore the various methods employed by this mega retailer to propel and maintain them as one of the highest grossing retailers. Key words: Culture, strategyRead MoreSupply Chain Management Is A Process Which Requires Precise1366 Words   |  6 Pagesis necessary for Walmart’s maintenance, however the strategy involved is equally imperative. The strategic model and identity of Walmart is to drive out costs, enabling consumers to save money. Walmart’s model works as they are not only an industry leader but also a profound world leader in inventory turnover and operating profit for any discount retailer. James Crowell, director of the Supply Chain Management Research Center at the Walton College of Business praised Walmart’s SCM efficiency proclaimingRead MoreWal Mart Stores, Inc.812 Words   |  4 Pages Wal-Mart is the largest employer in the U.S. with more than one million employees. Sam Walton passed away in 1992 but, his legacy lives on and his stores remain the leader in the retail industry. At the heart of Wal-Mart s growth is the unique culture that Mr. Sam built. His business philosophy was based on the simple idea of making the customer number one. He believed that by serving the customer s needs first, his business would also serve its associates, shareholders, communities and otherRead MoreWalmart s History And Management2059 Words   |  9 PagesWalmart’s History and Management Walmart is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores and grocery stores. Wal-Mart controls over 11,500 stores in 28 countries around the world. It was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton. Walmart’s CEO is Doug McMillon and the Chairperson of Board of Directors is Greg Penner. Walmart as we know it today evolved from Sam Walton’s goals for great value and great customer service. He believed in leadershipRead MoreWalmart Mnc Report3270 Words   |  14 PagesWords: 2,770 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Company Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 HR Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Organizational Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Supply Chain Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Mode of Entry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Product Adaptation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8

Nursing for Patient Care Experiences- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing for Patient Care Experiences. Answer: Introduction: The current essay focuses on the concept of partnering in care and its effect on patient care experiences. The current decade has seen a rise in the number of person centred care approaches with a view to provide more autonomy to the support users. The aspect of partnering in care helps in the extension of the needful service along with meeting the diverse care needs of the support users. In this context, much of the patient care experiences are based upon the personal relationship developed between the patient and their primary care providers. The patient experiences are further dependent upon a number of other factors such as timely redressal of services by highly skilled professional. The patient centred focus also helps in the establishment of ethical service standards. The current essay focuses on the importance of partnering in care, patient care experiences, and family centred approach on the delivery of optimum standard care services. The organizational culture and staff practise also contribute significantly towards patient centred healthcare. Body: Patient care experience The patient care experiences could be defined as the quality of support services offered to the support service users. The care experiences of the patients are based upon a number of factors such as effective communication between the health care providers and the patients(Penm, 2017). One of the factors which often have an influence upon the patient view of the care services is the time limit within which the care services are provided. The patient care experiences also cover the area of continued and long term care services for chronically ill patients. The provision of direct patient care experiences are based upon a number of parameters such as enhancement of inter-professional skills in the care giving process(Dyrbye, 2017). One of the most important approaches to be undertaken in the patient centred care is the policy of making informed choices. In this respect, a patients is given is directly involved in the decision making process. I think the patient care experiences are critical in defining the standards of health care services. The experiences encountered by the patients forms the ground for the establishment of an effective relationship between the health care professional and the patient availing the care services. I think delivery of a comprehensive and culturally respondent care services to the patients helps in addressing the diverse challenges related to each and every cultural group. In this respect, Mr. Taylor is a 74 year old man with a fall history ten weeks ago on returning home from the shops and had a second fall inside the home. Although Mr. Taylor had visited the clinic he seemed to have less control over his motor abilities such as walking and moving independently. Therefore, Mr. Taylor needs to be provided with comprehensive care assessments where he could be provided with light stretching exercises along with long term care plan to prevent the occurrences of such untoward incidents in the f uture(Edvardsson, 2017). I think as a health care professional I would conduct the doorway stretch, calf stretch among other stretching exercises with Mr. Taylor. This helps in providing more self control to the fall patient. Patient and family centred care The family and patient centred care is based upon the planning, evaluation and delivery of health care services based upon a mutual consent among the patient, family members of the patient and the support providers(Sheetz, 2014) . The goal for the implementation of the patient family centred approach is to involve the family members of the patient in the decision making and planning of the care process(Wagner III, 2014). I think provision of a patient family centred approach helps in designing of a comprehensive care plan where the desires and wishes of the patients are given utmost importance. This helps in provision of autonomy to the support users like Mr. Taylor and their family members. The goal is to develop an equal and common place for the patients, their respective family members and the support carers(Visser, 2014). I think the incorporation of the policy of informed decision making regarding the diagnosis and treatment care plans helps in speedy delivery of care and support services. As commented, the same also prevents the development of any conflicting situations within the care set up. I think provided the age and vulnerability to fall support care users like Mr. Taylor need to be provided with round the clock care and supervision. Thus, involvement of the family members of support service users like Mr. Taylor could be beneficial. Partnering in care The partnership in care is a three year strategy implemented in health care to place the patients at the centre of the support and care services(Carman, 2013). The goal of the approach is to establish a platform where there is equality in terms of power division between the health care professionals, the patients availing the support services and the respective family members(Wolff, 2015). The partnership is further subject to a number of parameters for achieving success in the healthcare process. These include leadership and staff along with empowerment of the patients through feedback and responses. The establishment of effective partnership within a healthcare set up is based upon effective communication tools. In this respect, team working plays a very crucial role in meeting with the diverse needs and demands of the support and care services. However, as argued, presence of miscommunication or lack of partnership between the service users and the support providers can affect the quality of the services(Sevelius, 2014).I think looking after the care needs of fall patients like Mr. Taylor requires effective partnership between different health care channels. Additionally, employment of nurse who is effectively trained in the areas of fall patient management could be beneficial(Doyle, 2013). I think establishment of an effective collaboration between the family and the care professionals could help in meeting the emergency and trauma care needs of support users like Mr. Taylor. Facilitators and barriers of healthcare experiences There are equal number of facilitators and barriers in the process of optimum care services delivery. Some of the facilitators over here are awareness in the patients regarding their present health conditions. The ability of the patients to self manage their health perils could act as an added advantage (Kadu, 2015). However as mentioned, lack of standard guidelines could affect the quality of the care services(Kuipers, 2014). Additionally, insufficient staffing along with difference of opinion could affect the quality of the care services. Organizational attributes towards promoting organizational change A number of different organizational attributes could be taken into consideration for bringing about a change in the work culture of the organization. Some of the parameters for assessment are effective leadership strategies, willingness within the workforce of the organization for bringing about the required change, development of a patient centred approach. Additionally, partnering with strong and effective and information technology systems can help in keeping the important health related information of the patients safe and secure(Domecq, 2014). Team working along with sufficient sharing of information could help in meeting with the diverse care needs of the support users. Additionally, promotion of effective dialect between the support carers and the support users can help in the promulgation of a patient focussed approach (Vahdat, 2014). Conclusion The essay puts emphasis upon the promulgation of patient centred approaches for provision of optimum care and support services to the patients. The patient centred approach however places emphasis upon patient care experiences along with partnering care approaches. The main emphasis though is put upon promoting of sufficient autonomy of the care service users. However, in this respect involvement of the family members of the support users helps in making informed choices regarding the designing of the care plan. The patient care experiences are also based upon provision of standard care services for longer period of time. Thus, the responsiveness of highly skilled services along with effective inter-professional communication can help in the enhancing the patient focussed approach. Bibliography Carman, K. L. (2013). Patient and family engagement: a framework for understanding the elements and developing interventions and policies. Health Affairs, 32(2) , 223-231. Domecq, J. P. (2014). Patient engagement in research: a systematic review. BMC health services research, 14(1), , 89. Doyle, C. L. (2013). A systematic review of evidence on the links between patient experience and clinical safety and effectiveness. BMJ open, 3(1), , e001570. Dyrbye, L. N. (2017). Burnout among health care professionals: A call to explore and address this underrecognized threat to safe, high-quality care. NAM , 1-25. Edvardsson, D. W. (2017). Patient experiences of caring and person?centredness are associated with perceived nursing care qualit. Journal of advanced nursing, 73(1) , 217-227. Kadu, M. K. (2015). Facilitators and barriers of implementing the chronic care model in primary care: a systematic review. BMC family practice, 16(1) , 12. Kuipers, B. S. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review. Public Administration, 92(1) , 1-20. Penm, J. M. (2017). Minding the gap: factors associated with primary care coordination of adults in 11 countries. The Annals of Family Medicine, 15(2) , 113-119. Sevelius, J. M. (2014). Barriers and facilitators to engagement and retention in care among transgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus. . Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47(1) , 5-16. Sheetz, K. H. (2014). Patients' perspectives of care and surgical outcomes in Michigan: an analysis using the CAHPS hospital survey. Annals of surgery, 260(1) , 5. Vahdat, S. H. (2014). Patient Involvement in Health Care Decision Making: A Review. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(1) , e12454. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.12454. Visser, M. D. (2014). Physician-related barriers to communication and patient-and family-centred decision-making towards the end of life in intensive care: a systematic review. Critical Care, 18(6) , 604. Wagner III, J. A. (2014). Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Abingdon: Routledge. Wolff, J. L. (2015). An exploration of patient and family engagement in routine primary care visits. Health Expectations, 18(2) , 188-198.

Speak Essay Example For Students

Speak Essay A Voice for the Hurt High school is supposed to be a fun, new, and exciting experience. The novel Speak is about a social outcast named Melinda and her struggles to fit in in high school. She doesn’t have any true friends because no one stays around long enough to hear her story. The book is written by Laurie Halse Anderson. Throughout the novel Melinda shows her emotional discomfort through actions instead of speaking out. In the end she speaks up for herself and she finds a happier state of being. In the beginning of the novel Melinda enters high school being shunned by all of her old friends and even people she has never met before because she called the cops at a party at the beginning of the summer. Melinda hides her feelings and doesn’t speak out about what really happened that night. Instead of speaking she silences herself by her actions. An example of this is how she constantly bites her lips. The fist example of this is right in the beginning of the novel when Melinda’s ex best friend mouths â€Å"I hate you,† to her from across the room. Melinda bit her lip and tried not to think about it (Anderson 5). We will write a custom essay on Speak specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She continues to do this to remind herself to stay silent throughout the novel. Melinda silences herself many other ways too. One of the most intense ways of this is when she cut herself with a paper clip. She says, â€Å"I open up the paper clip and scratch it across my left wrist. Pitiful. If suicide is a cry for help, then what is this? A whimper, a peep? (Anderson 65)† When her mom sees the cuts all she says is that she doesn’t have time to deal with it. This shows how Melinda is trying to speak through cutting herself doesn’t help. Her mom doesn’t care. Her whimper for help is not heard. She needs to speak up about how she was raped. At the end of the novel Melinda finds a happier state of being when she decides to finally speak. There are many factors that lead her to speak. One of ways she finds her voice is by standing up to Heather. Also she tells Rachel about how Andy Evans had raped trying to protect her, but Rachel doesn’t listen to her. After she wrote in the bathroom stall other girls also wrote about how much of a creep Andy is. This gives her confidence to speak out about Andy because she knows that she isn’t the only girl going through what she went through. At the very end of the novel when Andy tries to rape her again she finds her voice and says no. Once others hear about what happened they understand her story. In art a seniors asks her if she id OK and says way to go (Anderson 197). Speak is a powerful novel about a young girl who was raped. Melinda silences herself through her actions. She bites her lip as a constant reminder not to speak out. Also she cut herself with a paper clip as a whimper for help instead of just telling her parents and friends the truth. In the end she finds her voice and simply speak.

buy custom The Bermuda Triangle essay

buy custom The Bermuda Triangle essay The storm was getting more violent as I steered my ship in the southern Atlantic Ocean. I cant tell how frightened my team was when we figured out that top scientists of the world, decided to hold a conference about the mystery of the Bermuda triangle in my vessel. They should have stayed away from the ocean at first instead of undertaking a gamble and confirming their fears in the deep waters. I had exact instructions to approach the location but to stop within a kilometer from the exact location. I decided to relax in my cuddy and think of a possible explanation to the Bermuda triangle phenomenon, based on my rich experience in sailing. Then it happened! I have heard rumors of the constant shift of the Devils triangle, as it is popularly known. The name explains the fatal and mysterious disappearance of objects near the surface of the ocean or in the sky above the Bermuda Triangle. No one in the world could explain the details of the mystery, because everyone who had ever encountered the legendary spot disappeared forever. An eerie gust of the wind filled the air. I saw the light, and there it was! A large whirlpool five meters from my ship seemed to pull us closer. Everyone screamed and some strange power sucked us out of the ship one by one. Initially I thought I was dreaming, but a sharp pain down my back shook me back to the reality. I was thrown up into the skies and than I was hurled back down into the water right into the black hole. I landed in a city full of youth, different planes and sea vessels. Welcome to the city of suspense. Dreams, wishes and hopes of all living creatures above us, begin here and develop as perceived later by human beings. All the mysteries of the world are created in peoples minds. We get to people through rain or sunshine. There are very few good minds for this work and they are carefully chosen to come via that gate you have just passed through! announced a booming voice. Buy custom The Bermuda Triangle essay

Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Race - Essay Example the features of a quadroon in the baby and ultimately abandons his wife and the child only because he thinks Desiree does not have a pure white inheritance: It is also important to note the significant line which defines the entire theme of the story: â€Å"Moreover he no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and his name (Choplin 664)†. Moreover, the high handed emotional reactions incited by racialism is echoed by poems of yore such as Let America be America Again by Langston Hughes. Strong laments over their fate for being black can be seen in such works: However, the question that still seems to persists is whether the dream of letting â€Å"America be America Again† is now fulfilled. Whether or not the dream of seeing America in its original beauty and Letting â€Å"†¦America be the dream the dreamers dreamed/ Let(ing) it be that great strong land of love/ Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme† has been fulfilled (Huges 6-8). Perhaps it has. The America that we look at today is the America of diversity, democracy and racial multiplicity. There is perhaps not a single race of this earth that hasn’t walked the street of New York. There is no race that has not had the privilege of calling itself an American. That is because there is no more an identity associated with being an exclusive â€Å"American†. People are African-American, Japanese-American, Chinese-American, Indian-American and numerous others. Whatever country or race we add as prefix to â€Å"American† is an American! The question of apartheid is now almost dead. Being read in the eyes of the world as one of the most diverse civilization of this earth, America is in its best today as far as its wholesome nature of unification and equality is concerned. That is because, there is no culture of this world that America does not have. African is one of them. And any instance of even slight consideration of blacks as primitive to white seems to be a

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Interview - Essay Example The focus on the interview was on police related concerns, specifically how, as police officers, they try to keep the campus safe. According to Officer Williams, they have the 222tip line that helps the police in effectively locating the person that on the verge of committing a crime or someone who was reported to have apparently brought a weapon on campus or is engaging in aggressive behavior such as bullying. Officer Williams was noted to come from Navasota, Texas; but was acknowledged to reside in Houston, Texas. He disclosed that he came to live in Houston, where initially, he said that he worked at an instruction company. After he had a family, he said that he decided to pursue a career in law enforcement through attending the University of Houston Police Academy. He remembered and relayed that he graduated top of class and signified that it was a great day for him. He said that he felt like he can make more money and aptly prepare for the future of his family. Likewise, he also emphasized that he wanted to help others who are in need of any form of assistance. After graduation, he relayed that he decided that he wanted to work for the School District so he can help children in school; especially those who become victims of bullying. Also, through focusing on issues that are related to the behavior of children within the campus, he noted that he could also be of assistance to the ones with behavioral problems and manifestation or tendencies to commit a crime. Officer Williams stated that the numbers of bullying is high in the school district and he keeps trying his very best to make sure that the students understand what can happen when someone is bullied; such as risking injuries that could also lead to physical, emotional and psychological infliction of harm. So he said that he makes sure that he focuses on issues pertaining to bullying with the aim of ultimately minimizing these incidents or ultimately putting a stop to them. One’s personal

The Concept of Probability in Mathematics

The Concept of Probability in Mathematics Probability is a way of expressing knowledge or belief that an event will occur or has occurred. The concept has been given an exact mathematical meaning in probability theory, which is used extensively in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science, and philosophy to draw conclusions about the likelihood of potential events and the underlying mechanics of complex systems. The word probability does not have a consistent direct definition. In fact, there are two broad categories of probability interpretations, whose adherents possess different views about the fundamental nature of probability. The word Probability derives from Latin word probabilitas that can also mean probity, a measure of the authority of a witness in a legal case in Europe, and often correlated with the witnesss nobility. In a sense, this differs much from the modern meaning of probability, which, in contrast, is used as a measure of the weight of empirical evidence, and is arrived at from inductive reasoning and statistical inference. History: The scientific study of probability is a modern development. Gambling shows that there has been an interest in quantifying the ideas of probability for millennia, but exact mathematical descriptions of use in those problems only arose much later. According to Richard Jeffrey, Before the middle of the seventeenth century, the term probable meant approvable, and was applied in that sense, univocally, to opinion and to action. A probable action or opinion was one such as sensible people would undertake or hold, in the circumstances.[4] However, in legal contexts especially, probable could also apply to propositions for which there was good evidence. Aside from some elementary considerations made by Girolamo Cardano in the 16th century, the doctrine of probabilities dates to the correspondence of Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal (1654). Christiaan Huygens (1657) gave the earliest known scientific treatment of the subject. Jakob Bernoullis and Abraham de Moivres Doctrine of Chances (1718) treated the subject as a branch of mathematics. See Ian Hackings The Emergence of Probability and James Franklins The Science of Conjecture for histories of the early development of the very concept of mathematical probability. The theory of errors may be traced back to Roger Cotes but a memoir prepared by Thomas Simpson in 1755 (printed 1756) first applied the theory to the discussion of errors of observation. The reprint (1757) of this memoir lays down the axioms that positive and negative errors are equally probable, and that there are certain assignable limits within which all errors may be supposed to fall; continuous errors are discussed and a probability curve is given. Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774) made the first attempt to deduce a rule for the combination of observations from the principles of the theory of probabilities. He represented the law of probability of errors by a curve y = à Ã¢â‚¬  (x), x being any error and y its probability.He also gave (1781) a formula for the law of facility of error (a term due to Lagrange, 1774), but one which led to unmanageable equations. Daniel Bernoulli (1778) introduced the principle of the maximum product of the probabilities of a system of concurrent errors. The method of least squares is due to Adrien-Marie Legendre (1805), who introduced it in his New Methods for Determining the Orbits of Comets. In ignorance of Legendres contribution, an Irish-American writer, Robert Adrain, editor of The Analyst (1808), first deduced the law of facility of error, h being a constant depending on precision of observation, and c a scale factor ensuring that the area under the curve equals 1. He gave two proofs, the second being essentially the same as John Herschels (1850). Gauss gave the first proof which seems to have been known in Europe (the third after Adrains) in 1809. Further proofs were given by Laplace (1810, 1812), Gauss (1823), James Ivory (1825, 1826), Hagen (1837), Friedrich Bessel (1838), W. F. Donkin (1844, 1856), and Morgan Crofton (1870). Other contributors were Ellis (1844), De Morgan (1864), Glaisher (1872), and Giovanni Schiaparelli (1875). Peterss (1856) formula for r, the probable error of a single observation, is well known. In the nineteenth century authors on the general theory included Laplace, Sylvestre Lacroix (1816), Littrow (1833), Adolphe Quetelet (1853), Richard Dedekind (1860), Helmert (1872), Hermann Laurent (1873), Liagre, Didion, and Karl Pearson. Augustus De Morgan and George Boole improved the exposition of the theory. Andrey Markov introduced the notion of Markov chains (1906) playing an important role in theory of stochastic processes and its applications. The modern theory of probability based on the measure theory was developed by Andrey Kolmogorov (1931). On the geometric side, contributors to The Educational Times were influential. Types of probability: There are basically four types of probabilities, each with its limitations. None of these approaches to probability is wrong, but some are more useful or more general than others. Classical Probability: The classical interpretation owes its name to its early and august pedigree. Championed by Laplace, and found even in the works of Pascal, Bernoulli, Huygens, and Leibniz, it assigns probabilities in the absence of any evidence, or in the presence of symmetrically balanced evidence. The classical theory of probability applies to equally probable events, such as the outcomes of tossing a coin or throwing dice; such events were known as equipossible. probability = number of favourable equipossibilies / total number of relevant equipossibilities. Logical probability: Logical theories of probability retain the classical interpretations idea that probabilities can be determined a priori by an examination of the space of possibilities. Subjective probability: A probability derived from an individuals personal judgment about whether a specific outcome is likely to occur. Subjective probabilities contain no formal calculations and only reflect the subjects opinions and past experience. Subjective probabilities differ from person to person. Because the probability is subjective, it contains a high degree of personal bias. An example of subjective probability could be asking New York Yankees fans, before the baseball season starts, the chances of New York winning the world series. While there is no absolute mathematical proof behind the answer to the example, fans might still reply in actual percentage terms, such as the Yankees having a 25% chance of winning the world series. In everyday speech, we express our beliefs about likelihoods of events using the same terminology as in probability theory. Often, this has nothing to do with any formal definition of probability, rather it is an intuitive idea guided by our experience, and in some cases statistics. Some Of the Examples Of Probability: X says Dont buy the avocados here; about half the time, theyre rotten. X is expressing his belief about the probability of an event that an avocado will be rotten based on his personal experience. Y says I am 95% certain the capital of Spain is Barcelona. Here, the belief Y is expressing is only a probability from his point of view, because only he does not know that the capital of Spain is Madrid (from our point of view, the probability is 100%). However, we can still view this as a subjective probability because it expresses a measure of uncertainty. It is as though Y is saying in 95% of cases where I feel as sure as I do about this, I turn out to be right. Z says There is a lower chance of being shot in Omaha than in Detroit. Z is expressing a belief based (presumably) on statistics. Dr. A says to Christina, There is a 75% chance that you will live. Dr. A is basing this off of his research. Probability can also be expressed in vague terms. For example, someone might say it will probably rain tomorrow. This is subjective, but implies that the speaker believes the probability is greater than 50%. Subjective probabilities have been extensively studied, especially with regards to gambling and securities markets. While this type of probability is important, it is not the subject of this book. There are two standard approaches to conceptually interpreting probabilities. The first is known as the long run (or the relative frequency approach) and the subjective belief (or confidence approach). In the Frequency Theory of Probability, probability is the limit of the relative frequency with which an event occurs in repeated trials (note that trials must be independent). Frequentists talk about probabilities only when dealing with experiments that are random and well-defined. The probability of a random event denotes the relative frequency of occurrence of an experiments outcome, when repeating the experiment. Frequentists consider probability to be the relative frequency in the long run of outcomes. Physical probabilities, which are also called objective or frequency probabilities, are associated with random physical systems such as roulette wheels, rolling dice and radioactive atoms. In such systems, a given type of event (such as the dice yielding a six) tends to occur at a persistent rate, or relative frequency, in a long run of trials. Physical probabilities either explain, or are invoked to explain, these stable frequencies. Thus talk about physical probability makes sense only when dealing with well defined random experiments. The two main kinds of theory of physical probability are frequentist accounts and propensity accounts. Relative frequencies are always between 0% (the event essentially never happens) and 100% (the event essentially always happens), so in this theory as well, probabilities are between 0% and 100%. According to the Frequency Theory of Probability, what it means to say that the probability that A occurs is p% is that if you repeat the experiment over and over again, independently and under essentially identical conditions, the percentage of the time that A occurs will converge to p. For example, under the Frequency Theory, to say that the chance that a coin lands heads is 50% means that if you toss the coin over and over again, independently, the ratio of the number of times the coin lands heads to the total number of tosses approaches a limiting value of 50% as the number of tosses grows. Because the ratio of heads to tosses is always between 0% and 100%, when the probability exists it must be between 0% and 100%. In the Subjective Theory of Probability, probability measures the speakers degree of belief that the event will occur, on a scale of 0% (complete disbelief that the event will happen) to 100% (certainty that the event will happen). According to the Subjective Theory, what it means for me to say that the probability that A occurs is 2/3 is that I believe that A will happen twice as strongly as I believe that A will not happen. The Subjective Theory is particularly useful in assigning meaning to the probability of events that in principle can occur only once. For example, how might one assign meaning to a statement like there is a 25% chance of an earthquake on the San Andreas fault with magnitude 8 or larger before 2050? It is very hard to use either the Theory of Equally Likely Outcomes or the Frequency Theory to make sense of the assertion. Bayesians, however, assign probabilities to any statement whatsoever, even when no random process is involved. Probability, for a Bayesian, is a way to represent an individuals degree of belief in a statement, given the evidence. Evidential probability, also called Bayesian probability, can be assigned to any statement whatsoever, even when no random process is involved, as a way to represent its subjective plausibility, or the degree to which the statement is supported by the available evidence. On most accounts, evidential probabilities are considered to be degrees of belief, defined in terms of dispositions to gamble at certain odds. The four main evidential interpretations are the classical interpretation, the subjective interpretation, the epistemic or inductive interpretation, and the logical interpretation. Theory: Like other theories, the theory of probability is a representation of probabilistic concepts in formal terms-that is, in terms that can be considered separately from their meaning. These formal terms are manipulated by the rules of mathematics and logic, and any results are then interpreted or translated back into the problem domain. There have been at least two successful attempts to formalize probability, namely the Kolmogorov formulation and the Cox formulation. In Kolmogorovs formulation, sets are interpreted as events and probability itself as a measure on a class of sets. In Coxs theorem, probability is taken as a primitive and the emphasis is on constructing a consistent assignment of probability values to propositions. In both cases, the laws of probability are the same, except for technical details. There are other methods for quantifying uncertainty, such as the Dempster-Shafer theory or possibility theory, but those are essentially different and not compatible with the laws of probability as they are usually understood. Mathematical Treatment: In mathematics, a probability of an event A is represented by a real number in the range from 0 to 1 and written as P(A), p(A) or Pr(A). An impossible event has a probability of 0, and a certain event has a probability of 1. However, the converses are not always true: probability 0 events are not always impossible, nor probability 1 events certain. The opposite or complement of an event A is the event (that is, the event of A not occurring); its probability is given by P(not A) = 1 P(A). As an example, the chance of not rolling a six on a six-sided die is 1 (chance of rolling a six) . If both the events A and B occur on a single performance of an experiment this is called the intersection or joint probability of A and B, denoted as . If two events, A and B are independent then the joint probability is For example: if two coins are flipped the chance of both being heads is If either event A or event B or both events occur on a single performance of an experiment this is called the union of the events A and B denoted as . If two events are mutually exclusive then the probability of either occurring is For example, the chance of rolling a 1 or 2 on a six-sided die is If the events are not mutually exclusive then Conditional probability is the probability of some event A, given the occurrence of some other event B. Conditional probability is written P(A|B), and is read the probability of A, given B. It is defined by If P(B) = 0 then is undefined. Applications: Two major applications of probability theory in everyday life are in risk assessment and in trade on commodity markets. Governments typically apply probabilistic methods in environmental regulation where it is called pathway analysis, often measuring well-being using methods that are stochastic in nature, and choosing projects to undertake based on statistical analyses of their probable effect on the population as a whole. A good example is the effect of the perceived probability of any widespread Middle East conflict on oil prices which have ripple effects in the economy as a whole. An assessment by a commodity trader that a war is more likely vs. less likely sends prices up or down, and signals other traders of that opinion. Accordingly, the probabilities are not assessed independently nor necessarily very rationally. The theory of behavioural finance emerged to describe the effect of such groupthink on pricing, on policy, and on peace and conflict. It can reasonably be said that the discovery of rigorous methods to assess and combine probability assessments has had a profound effect on modern society. Accordingly, it may be of some importance to most citizens to understand how odds and probability assessments are made, and how they contribute to reputations and to decisions, especially in a democracy. Another significant application of probability theory in everyday life is reliability. Many consumer products, such as automobiles and consumer electronics, utilize reliability theory in the design of the product in order to reduce the probability of failure. The probability of failure may be closely associated with the products warranty. Probability Of Winning A Lottery: Everyone knows that the probability of winning the lottery is a pretty big long shot. How long, however, you probably never really thought about. Your actual odds of winning the lottery depend on where you play, but single state lotteries usually have odds of about 18 million to 1 while multiple state lotteries have odds as high as 120 million to 1. If you have ever thought youd win the lottery, youre not alone. About one out of every three people in the United States think that winning the lottery is the only way to become financially secure in their life. This is a frightening statistic when you sit down and consider what the above odds really mean. Its time to take a long hard look at the chances of you winning the lottery. While winning the lottery may be something that you want, to show you your chances well take a look at a number of remote occurrences that you probably wouldnt like to have happen to you and probably dont think will ever happen to you but are still much more likely to happen to you than winning the lottery. How about the classic odds of being struck by lightning? The actual probability of this happening varies from year to year, but as a good estimate, the National Safety Council says between 70 and 120 people a year die in the US by lightning so lets take 100 as our base. With the US population being approximately 265 million people, that means that the chances of being killed by lightning are roughly 2,650,000 to 1. Not very likely. However you are still 6 to 45 times more likely to die from a lightning strike than you would be to win the lottery. Now nobody really wants to die from flesh eating bacteria, and with odds at about 1 million to 1, the chances that you will die that way are pretty slim. Then again, you are 18 to 120 times more likely to die this way than to win the lottery. What are the chances that if youre playing with a group of four that two of you will get a hole-in-one on the exact same hole? At 17 million to 1, theyre better than the chances of you winning the lottery. What about dying from a snake bite or bee sting? It probably isnt a way that you have imagined that you would leave the earth. Youre a whopping 180 to 1,200 times more likely to die from one of these incidents than win the lottery. Thats because the probability of dying from a snake bite or bee sting is about 100,000 to 1. Now I know that you are not a bad person and you dont imagine finding yourself on death row for a crime you committed anytime soon. Still, its a lot more likely that you will be legally executed than win the lottery. In fact, you are 30,000% to 200,000% more likely to die in a legal execution than to win the lottery. If none of the above has convinced you to stop playing the lottery, then Ill bring out my favorite lottery fact. If you drive 10 miles to purchase your lottery ticket, its three to twenty times more likely for you to be killed in a car accident along the way than to win the jackpot. Flipping Of Coin: Coin flipping or coin tossing is the practice of throwing a coin in the air to choose between two alternatives, sometimes to resolve a dispute between two parties. It is a form of sortition which inherently has only two possible and equally likely outcomes. Experimental and theoretical analysis of coin tossing has shown that the outcome is predictable. During coin flipping the coin is tossed into the air such that it rotates end-over-end several times. Either beforehand or when the coin is in the air, an interested party calls heads or tails, indicating which side of the coin that party is choosing. The other party is assigned the opposite side. Depending on custom, the coin may be caught, caught and inverted, or allowed to land on the ground. When the coin comes to rest, the toss is complete and the party who called or was assigned the face-up side is declared the winner. If the outcome is unclear the toss is repeated; for example the coin may, very rarely, land on edge, or fall down a drain. The coin may be any type as long as it has two distinct sides; it need not be a coin as such. Human intuition about conditional probability is often very poor and can give rise to some seemingly surprising observations. For example, if the successive tosses of a coin are recorded as a string of H and T, then for any trial of tosses, it is twice as likely that the triplet TTH will occur before THT than after it. It is three times as likely that THH will precede HHT. Are we likely to be struck by lightning? In the United States, an average of 80 people are killed by lightning each year. Considering being killed by lightning to be our favorable outcome (not such a favorable outcome!), the sample space contains the entire population of the United States (about 250 million). If we assume that all the people in our sample space are equally likely to be killed by lightning (so people who never go outside have the same chance of being killed by lightning as those who stand by flagpoles in large open fields during thunderstorms), the chance of being killed by lightning in the United States is equal to 80/250 million, or a probability of about .000032%. Clearly, you are much more likely to die in a car accident than by being struck by lightning. Probability in Our Lives: A basic understanding of probability makes it possible to understand everything from batting averages to the weather report or your chances of being struck by lightning! Probability is an important topic in mathematics because the probability of certain events happening or not happening can be important to us in the real world. Weather forecasting: Suppose a person wants to go on a picnic this afternoon, and the weather report says that the chance of rain is 70%? Will he ever wonder where that 70% came from? Forecasts like these can be calculated by the people who work for the National Weather Service when they look at all other days in their historical database that have the same weather characteristics (temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.) and determine that on 70% of similar days in the past, it rained. As weve seen, to find basic probability we divide the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes in our sample space. If were looking for the chance it will rain, this will be the number of days in our database that it rained divided by the total number of similar days in our database. If our meteorologist has data for 100 days with similar weather conditions (the sample space and therefore the denominator of our fraction), and on 70 of these days it rained (a favorable outcome), the probability of rain on the next similar day is 70/100 or 70%. Since a 50% probability means that an event is as likely to occur as not, 70%, which is greater than 50%, means that it is more likely to rain than not. But what is the probability that it wont rain? Remember that because the favourable outcomes represent all the possible ways that an event can occur, the sum of the various probabilities must equal 1 or 100%, so 100% 70% = 30%, and the probability that it wont rain is 30%. Bernoulli Trials On Probability: It happens very often in real life that an event may have only two outcomes that matter. For example, either you pass an exam or you do not pass an exam, either you get the job you applied for or you do not get the job, either your flight is delayed or it departs on time, etc. The probability theory abstraction of all such situations is a Bernoulli trial. Bernoulli trial is an experiment with only two possible outcomes that have positive probabilities p and q such that p + q = 1. The outcomes are said to be success and failure, and are commonly denoted as S and F or, say, 1 and 0. For example, when rolling a die, we may be only interested whether 1 shows up, in which case,naturally, P(S) = 1/6 and P(F) = 5/6. If, when rolling two dice, we are only interested whether the sum on two dice is 11, P(S) = 1/18, P(F) = 17/18. The Bernoulli process is a succession of independent Bernoulli trials with the same probability of success. Uses Of Probability In Our Daily Lives: I think we use probability routinely in our daily lives. When you get into a car and drive on public roads, we often assume that we have a low probability of being hit by another car. When you pull out onto a busy street crossing 2 lanes of traffic, you judge the speed of the traffic in those lanes. You assume you have a high probability of judging that speed correctly when you cross those lanes. If you did not make that assumption, you probably would not attempt to cross the lanes for fear of being hit by another car. We assume that we have a low probability of being hit by lightning or a meteor. When you eat with your hands, you assume your probability of getting sick from germs on your hands is low. Or you wouldnt eat with your hands. You could say the same of eating in a restaurant with reference to food you didnt prepare yourself. Within assuming many probabilities, I think wed constantly live in fear of what horrible things might happen to us. Summary of probabilities: Event Probability A not A A or B A and B A given B Other Cases Where Probability Can Be Observed: Youve seen it happen many times-a player in a dice game claims she is due for doubles; strangers discover that they have a mutual acquaintance and think that this must be more than a chance meeting; a friend plays the lottery obsessively or enters online contests with a persistent dream of winning. All these behaviors reflect how people perceive probability in daily life. People who lack an accurate sense of probability are easily drawn in by false claims and pseudoscience, are vulnerable to get-rich-quick schemes, and exhibit many of the behaviors mentioned above. The modeling and measurement of probabilities are fundamentals of mathematics that can be applied to the world around us. Every event, every measurement, every game, every accident, and even the nature of matter itself is understood through probabilistic models, yet few people have a good grasp of the nature of probability. Frequentists talk about probabilities only when dealing with experiments that are random and well-defined. The probability of a random event denotes the relative frequency of occurrence of an experiments outcome, when repeating the experiment. Frequentists consider probability to be the relative frequency in the long run of outcomes.[1] Bayesians, however, assign probabilities to any statement whatsoever, even when no random process is involved. Probability, for a Bayesian, is a way to represent an individuals degree of belief in a statement, or an objective degree of rational belief, given the evidence. Relation to randomness: In a deterministic universe, based on Newtonian concepts, there is no probability if all conditions are known. In the case of a roulette wheel, if the force of the hand and the period of that force are known, then the number on which the ball will stop would be a certainty. Of course, this also assumes knowledge of inertia and friction of the wheel, weight, smoothness and roundness of the ball, variations in hand speed during the turning and so forth. A probabilistic description can thus be more useful than Newtonian mechanics for analyzing the pattern of outcomes of repeated rolls of roulette wheel. Physicists face the same situation in kinetic theory of gases, where the system, while deterministic in principle, is so complex (with the number of molecules typically the order of magnitude of Avogadro constant 6.02 ·1023) that only statistical description of its properties is feasible. A revolutionary discovery of 20th century physics was the random character of all physical processes that occur at sub-atomic scales and are governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. The wave function itself evolves deterministically as long as no observation is made, but, according to the prevailing Copenhagen interpretation, the randomness caused by the wave function collapsing when an observation is made, is fundamental. This means that probability theory is required to describe nature. Others never came to terms with the loss of determinism. Albert Einstein famously remarked in a letter to Max Born: I am convinced that God does not play dice. Although alternative viewpoints exist, such as that of quantum de-coherence being the cause of an apparent random collapse, at present there is a firm consensus among physicists that probability theory is necessary to describe quantum phenomena.

A Human Transporter Protein that Mediates the Final Excretion Step for

Introduction The kidney is an excretory organ that filters wastes from blood and excretes them as urine. Blood plasma filtration occurs at the glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries. Transporters are specialized proteins located in the membranes of the nephron. There are different concentrations of transporters located at various regions of the nephron. For instance, the proximal tubule retains most of the sodium transporters. Some transporters require adenosine triphosphate while others perform passive transport. The method of excretion of toxic organic compounds in mammals is mainly through the kidney and liver. Toxic organic compounds are absorbed by the basolateral membranes and later excreted by brush border membranes that absorb nutrients from the small intestine. These toxic organic compounds are also absorbed by hepatocytes at the sinusoidal membranes and excreted through the bile canaliculi. The objective of this research is to identify the transporter involved with the final step of excretion of toxic organic chemicals. Based on biochemical and physiological studies of the organic compound exporter, the tentative hypothesis proposed is that mammalian orthologues of bacterial multidrug are involved with the excretion of organic compounds. These multidrug transporters include the ?major facilitator superfamily, the small multidrug resistance family, the resistance nodulation cell division family, the ATP binding cassette family, and the multidrug and toxin extrusion (M ATE) family (8?10)?. The MATE family proteins facilitate the coupled export between hydrogen and sodium ions of cationic drugs in bacteria. In this experiment, MATE1 is revealed as the transporter involved with the final... ... locations fit the description of a H+ coupled organic cation transporter. Does hMATE have the correct physiological fingerprint for a toxic organic cation exporter? Yes! Even before they discovered this protein transporter, physiologists had a set of characteristics that this unknown transport protein would display. This protein would be pH sensitive, use H+ as the active step in secondary active transport, and saturable of course. In addition, this protein is found just where it should be, in the apical regions of tubes in the kidney and liver. Since hMATE fits the description, it is a convincing suspect for exporting toxic organic cations. Sources Article: A human transporter protein that mediates the final excretion step for toxic organic cations. By: Masato Otsuka, Takuya Matsumoto, Riyo Morimoto, Shigeo Arioka, Hiroshi Omote, and Yoshinori Moriyama

Innocent Smoothies

Innocent drink case study analysis: Innocent drinks are a unique business selling 100% natural fruit smoothies. (Innocent drinks) There are many factors that contribute to the company’s successful development so far. Firstly, and most importantly, their unique selling point which is using just fresh fruit in their drinks. This is a major strength to the company as they fit in today’s trend of a healthy eating lifestyle. â€Å"They contain even more antioxidants than the average five a day† (Adams 2007). Moreover Innocent has environmentally friendly packaging; their bottles are clear with simple product information in one colour. Straight away this makes it stand out more than the rest on that shop shelf. â€Å"They were the first company in the world to put drinks on shelves in 100% recycled plastic bottles† (Oracle 2008). However they did not carry out in depth research, they only asked consumers one question: â€Å"Do you think we should give up our jobs to make these smoothies? † (Bains et. al. 2008). No questions related to the product that could help them in the future were asked. Moreover the founders abided by their principles and they only produced their products how they wanted to. This had moved them from a niche market to a nationalised company, now holding more than half of the market share. Furthermore they have met their social responsibilities in many ways such as projects in India, providing food for the homeless and the big knit- providing warmth for the elderly. â€Å"We knitted 20,000 hats to raise ? 10,000 money for Age Concern† (Innocent drinks) Another factor of success to Innocent is their fun and informal business style. Their organisational structure is unique as their staff get bonuses on having children and snowboarding holidays. Even their website is fun-filled excitement; it has its own attractive style it tells you everything about them. Lester (2007) explains â€Å"Their Company’s offices are among the friendliest and relaxed in the world† However the difficulties that company’s like Innocent drinks face are firstly lack of experience and knowledge. Lester (2007) describes â€Å"Its founders had no real experience in the sector. † Moreover raising capital, the founders of Innocent being foolish gave their jobs up straight away without any solid plans. Lester (2007) explains â€Å"They needed to raise money to buy fruit and bottles and get the smoothies made. † However capital problems can be solved by finding ‘Business Angels’. Innocent also found theirs – a wealthy American Maurice Pinto, had the experience and the `money; he was highly impressed by Innocent. â€Å"Maurice decided to invest ? 250,000 in return for 20% stake in the business† (Lester 2007). Furthermore many new businesses underestimate things like how much raw material they will need, this was similar to Innocent. They had only ever made small quantities of their juices but were looking to expand across the nation† (Lester 2007). But using fresh fruits meant that the drinks will be perishable quicker and will have to be sold really quickly. Having too many founders can also be an obstacle to a small business. Innocent had three founders, which meant there were conflicts and every decision had to be discussed and debated befor e reaching a conclusion. This can slow down progress. Innocent have many more business opportunities now that they are a successfully developed business. They have already started to expand their product range in making further products like desserts. They could furthermore develop their product range from ice-creams to maybe even meals, keeping to their principles of healthy eating. Moreover, with the right market research, if these products became successful, they could even open up shops, even restaurants or cafes and possibly start selling online too. These are opportunities because â€Å"By differentiating the products or service the company increase the value of its operators and hence, improves performance† (Bradley 2002 p21). They could further enhance their existing products starting with new packaging, a new style, new combination of colours or even new sizes (king/snack size). Ali (2001 pg 24) suggests firms should â€Å"Keep products fresh by introducing new variants and improved versions†. Using incentives is a good way to get attention, Innocent could offer a free soft toy cow, or a free membership pass to a gym. Innocent use testimonials on their website, they could use famous faces to make these testimonials stand out more. Ali (2001 p11) also explains that a business should â€Å"Look at the various aspects of their business that customers use to form a view of you† Lastly Innocent could sponsor big charity events and music shows, this way they are being ethically responsible and they raise awareness about their products. All of these suggestions would contribute to reducing the risk of business failure for Innocent drinks in the future. Innocent is a fast growing business and one of the most successful. However Page, Ralph and Jones (1989 p 1-55) explain fast growth in a short period of time is a threat. Having to produce on a large scale and making deliveries on time can be difficult. Forecasting demand and market growth is essential; firms almost fail predicting this incorrectly. A fast growing business like Innocent, need to keep track of forecasts as accurately as they can, or they can lose their reputation and money. For example, â€Å"Firms need skill in measuring and forecasting the size, growth, and profit potential† (Kotler 1994 p 245). Also Innocent will have to be aware of changing trends and tastes in their market, drastic changes in the market can affect Innocent. However there are also external threats to Innocent like competition (Myroslaw 1987 p 45). They need to keep a constant watch on competitors to make comparisons with their own business. Moreover change in economic conditions effect firms, currently the economy is suffering a recession; (www. news. bbc. co. uk) during these times it would be best to lower prices. Even more technology changes can be threatening to the position of a firm, Innocent might need to update their current technology and re-train their employees. Finally meeting their liabilities, avoiding bad debts and cash flow problems will contribute to a firm’s success. In conclusion Innocent drinks is proven to be a surprisingly successful business even after all the struggles, they came through as a strong and honest business. However they now need to be extra careful because they have reached a high level of success, and the higher you are the harder it becomes to maintain that position. Word count: 1,062 Bibliography: Anthony S. Page, Ralph C. Jones (1989) ‘Business Growth – How to Achieve and Sustain It’, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 10(2) p 1-55. Ali, M. (2001) Marketing Effectively, Hampton, Dorling Kindersley. Baines, P. Fill, C. and Page, K. (2008) Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bradley, F. (2002) International Marketing Strategy, Dublin, Pearson Education. Kotler, P. (1994) Marketing Management, USA, Prentice Hall. Myroslaw J. (1987) ‘customer service competition business to business and industrial market’ Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 2(4) p45-52. ttp://www. innocentdrinks. co. uk/us/? Page=our_story Accessed 21/11/08 http://www. innocentdrinks. co. uk/bored/ Accessed 21/11/08 http://money. aol. co. uk/small-business/innocent-drinks-coming-to-fruition/article/20070814091309990004 Accessed 19/11/08 http://www. oracle. com/customers/snapshots/innocent-drinks-demantra-snapshot. pdf Accessed 21/11/08 http://www. drinks-business-review. com/art icle_feature. asp? guid=55937F47-8134-4E4F-A9A4-881AE440062F Accessed 21/11/08 http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/magazine/7686531. stm Accessed 01/12/08

Art History - A List of Ancient Greek Artists